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The laser scan engine is the heart of the optical drive and is the most sophisticated part. It is mainly responsible for reading data.
laser scan engine
Laser scan engine mainly include laser generators (also called laser diodes), semi-reflecting prisms, objective lenses, lenses, and photodiodes. When the laser scan engine reads the data on the disc, the reflective material on the disc will reflect the irradiated light back through the objective lens and then illuminate the semi-reflective prism. At this time, because the prism is a semi-reflective structure, it does not allow the light beam to completely penetrate it and return to the laser generator, but it reflects, passes through the lens, and reaches the photodiode. Since the data is recorded with raised points of the optical disc surface, the reflected light will be directed in a different direction. People define signals in different directions as "0" or "1". Light-emitting diodes receive data that are arranged with "0" and "1" and eventually resolve them into the data we need.

During the entire process of reading the data by the laser scan engine, tracking and focusing directly affect the error correction capability and stability of the optical drive. Tracing is that the laser scan engine keeps properly aligned with the recorded data track. When the laser beam exactly coincides with the track, the tracking error signal is 0, otherwise the tracking signal may be positive or negative, and the laser scan engine will appropriately adjust the attitude according to the tracking signal. If the optical drive's tracking performance is poor, reading data errors will occur when reading the disk. The most typical is the phenomenon of skipping when reading audio tracks. The so-called focusing means that the laser scan engine can precisely hit the beam onto the disc and receive the strongest signal. When the laser beam is reflected from the disk, it will hit 4 photodiodes at the same time. They superimpose signals and eventually form a focused signal. Only when the focus is accurate, this signal is 0, otherwise it will send a signal to correct the position of the laser scan engine. Focusing and tracking are the two most important performances of the laser scan engine. What we call a well-read disk drive is an excellent product in these two aspects.