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18650 is the originator of lithium battery, a standard lithium-ion battery model that Japan SONY Company set in order to save costs. 18 represents a diameter of 18mm, 65 means a length of 65mm, and 0 represents a cylindrical battery.

The common 18650 batteries are divided into lithium ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. The nominal voltage of the lithium-ion battery voltage is 3.7V, the cut-off charge voltage is 4.2V, the nominal voltage of the lithium iron phosphate battery is 3.2V, the limited charge voltage is 3.6V, the capacity is usually 1200mAh-3350mAh, and the common capacity is 2200mAh-2600mAh.
18650 battery
Lithium batteries labeled 3.7V or 4.2V are the same. It's just that the manufacturer's label is different. 3.7V refers to the platform voltage (i.e., typical voltage) discharged during battery use, while 4.2V refers to the voltage at full charge. Common rechargeable 18650 lithium battery, the voltage is marked 3.6V or 3.7V, it is 4.2V when fully charged, which has little to do with the power capacity. 18650 battery mainstream capacity from 1800mAh to 2600mAh (18650 power battery capacity is mostly at 2200-2600mAh), and the mainstream capacity is even more than 3500 or 4000mAh.

It is generally considered the power is used up when the no-load voltage of lithium battery is below 3.0V (the specific value needs to look at the threshold of the battery protection board, such as 2.8V or 3.2V). The no-load voltage of most lithium batteries can't discharge below 3.2V, otherwise over-discharge will damage the battery. (Generally, lithium batteries on the market are basically used with protection board, so over-discharge will also cause the protection board to fail to detect the battery, making it impossible to charge the battery). 4.2V is the highest limit voltage for battery charging. It is generally considered that the no-load voltage of the lithium battery is full when it is charged to 4.2V. During battery charging, the battery voltage gradually increased from 3.7V to 4.2V. Lithium batteries can't charge the no-load voltage over 4.2V, otherwise batteries will be damaged. This is the specialty of the lithium batteries.

The 18650 battery life theory is cyclic charging 1000 times. Due to the large capacity per unit density, most of them are used in laptop batteries. In addition, because the stability of the 18650 is very good, it is widely used in various electronic fields: it is often used in high-end glare flashlights and portable power supplies, wireless data transmitters, electric heating clothing, shoes, portable instrumentation, portable lighting equipment, portable printers, industrial instruments, medical equipment, etc.