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How do touch screens work? For operational convenience, people use a touch screen instead of a mouse or keyboard. When working, the touch screen installed on the front of the display is first touched with a finger or other object, and then the system selects the positioning information input according to the icon or menu position touched by the finger. The touch screen is composed of a touch detection component and a touch screen controller; the touch detection component is installed in front of the display screen to detect the touch position of the user,and send it to touch screen controller after receiving the touch information; And the touch screen controller mainly receives the touch information from the touch point detection device, and converts it into contact coordinates, and then sent to the CPU, it can accept the command sent by the CPU and execute it.

The working principle of various types of products:
1. Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screen
The three corners of the surface acoustic wave touch screen are respectively affixed with transducers for transmitting and receiving sound waves in X and Y directions (transducers: made of special ceramic materials, divided into launch transducers and receive transducers. It converts the electrical signal sent from the controller through the touch screen cable into an acoustic signal and an electrical signal of the surface acoustic wave energy gathered by the reflection stripes.), the four sides are etched with reflective stripe reflecting the surface ultrasonic waves. When a finger or a soft object touches the screen, part of the acoustic energy is absorbed, so the received signal is changed, and the X and Y coordinates of the touch are obtained through processing by the controller.
surface acoustic wave touch screen
2. 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen
The 4-wire resistive touch screen is covered with two transparent conductive layers ITO between the surface protective coating and the base layer (ITO: indium oxide, weak conductor, the characteristic is when the thickness is reduced to 1800 angstroms (angstrom=10-10 meters)) it becomes transparent suddenly, and when it goes thinner, the transmittance decreases, and when the thickness reaches 300 angstroms, the transmittance increases again. It is the main material of all resistive screens and capacitive screens.). The two layers correspond to the X and Y axes respectively. Intervals are insulated with fine transparent insulating particles, and the two conductive layers are turned on by the pressure generated when touched, and the touched X, Y coordinates are obtained due to the change in the resistance value.
4-wire resistive touch screen
3. 5-Wire Resistive Touch Screen
The base layer of the 5-wire resistive touch screen is covered with a transparent conductive layer ITO which adds the voltage fields in the X and Y directions to the same layer, and the outermost layer of nickel-gold conductive layer (nickel-gold conductive layer: only used as a pure conductor, when touched, the position of the touch point is measured by time-division detection of the X-axis and Y-axis voltage values of the contact points, and the inner ITO needs four leads, one outer layer, and a total of five leads.
5-wire resistive touch screen
4. Capacitive touch screen
The surface of the capacitive touch screen is coated with a transparent conductive layer ITO. The voltage is connected to the four corners. The tiny direct current spreads across the surface of the screen to form a uniform electric field. When the screen is touched by fingers, the human body acts as a coupling capacitor, and the current collects from the four corners of the screen to form another coupling capacitor. Calculate the relative distance from the current to the touch position by the controller to get the touched coordinates.
capacitive touch screen